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chlorine demand

  • 1 مطلوبية الكلور

    chlorine demand

    Arabic-English Medical Dictionary > مطلوبية الكلور

  • 2 zapotrzebowanie chloru

    • chlorine demand

    Słownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > zapotrzebowanie chloru

  • 3 потребность хлора

    Русско-английский текстильный словарь > потребность хлора

  • 4 хлоропоглощение

    1. chlorine demand

     

    хлоропоглощение
    Количество хлора, требуемое для полного обеззараживания воды
    [ http://www.dunwoodypress.com/148/PDF/Biotech_Eng-Rus.pdf]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > хлоропоглощение

  • 5 kloorinkulutus

    • chlorine consumption
    • chlorine demand
    • clorine consumption

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > kloorinkulutus

  • 6 потребление хлора

    Chemistry: chlorine demand

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > потребление хлора

  • 7 потребление хлора сточными водами

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > потребление хлора сточными водами

  • 8 потребность хлора

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > потребность хлора

  • 9 расход хлора

    Chemistry: chlorine demand

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > расход хлора

  • 10 хлоропоглощение

    Engineering: chlorine demand (количество хлора, требуемое для полного обеззараживания воды)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > хлоропоглощение

  • 11 Aktivchlorbedarf

    m < pap> ■ available chlorine demand

    German-english technical dictionary > Aktivchlorbedarf

  • 12 klorbehov

    subst. chlorine demand

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > klorbehov

  • 13 klorforbruk

    subst. (kjemi) chlorine demand

    Norsk-engelsk ordbok > klorforbruk

  • 14 необходимое потребление хлора

    (количество хлора, требуемое на реакцию со всеми соединениями в воде) chlorine demand

    Русско-английский словарь по строительству и новым строительным технологиям > необходимое потребление хлора

  • 15 хлоропоглощение

    (количество хлора, требуемое для полного обеззараживания воды) chlorine demand

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > хлоропоглощение

  • 16 domanda di cloro

    [CHIM]

    Dizionario chimica Italiano-Inglese > domanda di cloro

  • 17 Castner, Hamilton Young

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 11 September 1858 Brooklyn, New York, USA
    d. 11 October 1899 Saranoe Lake, New York, USA
    [br]
    American chemist, inventor of the electrolytic production of sodium.
    [br]
    Around 1850, the exciting new metal aluminium began to be produced by the process developed by Sainte-Claire Deville. However, it remained expensive on account of the high cost of one of the raw materials, sodium. It was another thirty years before Castner became the first to work successfully the process for producing sodium, which consisted of heating sodium hydroxide with charcoal at a high temperature. Unable to interest American backers in the process, Castner took it to England and set up a plant at Oldbury, near Birmingham. At the moment he achieved commercial success, however, the demand for cheap sodium plummeted as a result of the development of the electrolytic process for producing aluminium. He therefore sought other uses for cheap sodium, first converting it to sodium peroxide, a bleaching agent much used in the straw-hat industry. Much more importantly, Castner persuaded the gold industry to use sodium instead of potassium cyanide in the refining of gold. With the "gold rush", he established a large market in Australia, the USA, South Africa and elsewhere, but the problem was to meet the demand, so Castner turned to the electrolytic method. At first progress was slow because of the impure nature of the sodium hydroxide, so he used a mercury cathode, with which the released sodium formed an amalgam. It then reacted with water in a separate compartment in the cell to form sodium hydroxide of a purity hitherto unknown in the alkali industry; chlorine was a valuable by-product.
    In 1894 Castner began to seek international patents for the cell, but found he had been anticipated in Germany by Kellner, an Austrian chemist. Preferring negotiation to legal confrontation, Castner exchanged patents and processes with Kellner, although the latter's had been less successful. The cell became known as the Castner-Kellner cell, but the process needed cheap electricity and salt, neither of which was available near Oldbury, so he set up the Castner-Kellner Alkali Company works at Runcorn in Cheshire; at the same time, a pilot plant was set up in the USA at Saltville, Virginia, with a larger plant being established at Niagara Falls.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Fleck, 1947, "The life and work of Hamilton Young Castner" (Castner Memorial Lecture), Chemistry and Industry 44:515-; Fifty Years of Progress: The Story of the Castner-Kellner Company, 1947.
    T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–50 (provides a summary of his work).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Castner, Hamilton Young

  • 18 Deacon, Henry

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1822 London, England
    d. 23 July 1876 Widnes, Cheshire, England
    [br]
    English industrial chemist.
    [br]
    Deacon was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the London engineering firm of Galloway \& Sons. Faraday was a friend of the family and gave Deacon tuition, allowing him to use the laboratories at the Royal Institution. When the firm failed in 1839, Deacon transferred his indentures to Nasmyth \& Gaskell on the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft. Nasmyth was then beginning work on his steam hammer and it is said that Deacon made the first model of it, for patent purposes. Around 1848, Deacon joined Pilkington's, the glassmakers at St Helens, where he learned the alkali industry, which was then growing up in that district on account of the close proximity of the necessary raw materials, coal, lime and salt. Wishing to start out on his own, he worked as Manager at the chemical works of a John Hutchinson. This was followed by a partnership with William Pilkington, a former employer, who was later replaced by Holbrook Gaskell, another former employer. Deacon's main activity was the manufacture of soda by the Leblanc process. He sought improvement by substituting the ammonia-soda process, but this failed and did not succeed until it was perfected by Solvay. Deacon did, however, with his Chief Chemist F.Hurter, introduce improvements in the Leblanc process during the period 1866–70. Hydrochloric acid, which had previously been a waste product and a nuisance, was oxidized catalytically to chlorine; this could be converted with lime to bleaching powder, which was in heavy demand by the textile industry. The process was patented in 1870.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    D.W.F.Hardie, 1950, A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes, London. J.Fenwick Allen, 1907, Some Founders of the Chemical Industry, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Deacon, Henry

  • 19 Macintosh, Charles

    [br]
    b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.
    [br]
    As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.
    There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.
    In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.
    New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1823.
    Further Reading
    G.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).
    H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).
    RLH / LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Macintosh, Charles

См. также в других словарях:

  • chlorine demand — chloro imlumas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Leisto į vandens arba nuotekų mėginį chloro kiekio ir jo likučio, praėjus tam tikram laikui, skirtumas. atitikmenys: angl. chlorine demand; chlorine requirement vok. Chlorbedarf …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • chlorine demand — noun : the greatest amount of chlorine that added to water is completely utilized in the process of sterilizing the water …   Useful english dictionary

  • chlorine requirement — chloro imlumas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Leisto į vandens arba nuotekų mėginį chloro kiekio ir jo likučio, praėjus tam tikram laikui, skirtumas. atitikmenys: angl. chlorine demand; chlorine requirement vok. Chlorbedarf …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • Chlorine trifluoride — Systematic name …   Wikipedia

  • Swimming pool sanitation — articleissues refimprove = January 2008 technical = August 2008Swimming pool sanitation refers to both visual clarity and levels of microflora, such as bacteria and viruses in swimming pools. The goal of sanitation is to prevent the spread of… …   Wikipedia

  • Chlorbedarf — chloro imlumas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Leisto į vandens arba nuotekų mėginį chloro kiekio ir jo likučio, praėjus tam tikram laikui, skirtumas. atitikmenys: angl. chlorine demand; chlorine requirement vok. Chlorbedarf …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • chloro imlumas — statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Leisto į vandens arba nuotekų mėginį chloro kiekio ir jo likučio, praėjus tam tikram laikui, skirtumas. atitikmenys: angl. chlorine demand; chlorine requirement vok. Chlorbedarf, m rus.… …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • потребность в хлоре — chloro imlumas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Leisto į vandens arba nuotekų mėginį chloro kiekio ir jo likučio, praėjus tam tikram laikui, skirtumas. atitikmenys: angl. chlorine demand; chlorine requirement vok. Chlorbedarf …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • хлоропоглощение — chloro imlumas statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Leisto į vandens arba nuotekų mėginį chloro kiekio ir jo likučio, praėjus tam tikram laikui, skirtumas. atitikmenys: angl. chlorine demand; chlorine requirement vok. Chlorbedarf …   Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • хлоропоглощение — Количество хлора, требуемое для полного обеззараживания воды [http://www.dunwoodypress.com/148/PDF/Biotech Eng Rus.pdf] Тематики биотехнологии EN chlorine demand …   Справочник технического переводчика

  • environmental works — ▪ civil engineering Introduction       infrastructure that provides cities and towns with water supply, waste disposal, and pollution control services. They include extensive networks of reservoirs, pipelines, treatment systems, pumping stations …   Universalium

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